REPORT IN AMINO ACIDS

What is AMINO ACIDS? 

Amino acids are organic compounds that combine to form protein. Amino acids and proteins are the building blocks of life.
 When proteins are digested or broken down, amino acids are left. The human body uses amino acids to make proteins to help the body:

•  Break down food
•  Grow Repair body tissue
•  Perform many other body functions
•  Amino acids can also be used as a source of energy by the body.

 AMINO ACIDS are classified into three groups: 

1.Essential amino acids
2.Nonessential amino acids
3.Conditional amino acids

• Essential amino acids Essential amino acids cannot be made by the body. As a result, they must come from food. The nine essential amino acids are: histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine,trytophan, and valine
• .Nonessential amino acids "Nonessential" means that our bodies produce an amino acid, even if we don't get it from the food we eat. They include: alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid. 
•  Conditional amino acids Conditional amino acids are usually not essential, except in times of illness and stress. They include: arginine, cysteine, glutamine, tyrosine, glycine, ornithine, proline, and serine. You do not need to eat essential and nonessential amino acids at every meal, but getting a balance of them over the whole day is important. 

 Amino Acid Abbreviations (IUPAC)

Why are amino acids so important? 

Amino acids are at the basis of all life processes, as they are absolutely essential for every metabolic process. 
Among their most important tasks are the optimal transport and optimal storage of all nutrients (i.e. water, fat, carbohydrates, proteins, minerals and vitamins). 
The majority of diseases such as obesity, high-cholesterol levels, diabetes, insomnia, erectile dysfunction or arthritis can essentially be traced back to metabolic disturbances. This also applies to hair loss and serious cases of wrinkle formation.

• Anti-aging 
• Arthritis and osteoporosis 
• Cholesterol 
• Diabetes 
• Fat-burning 
• Hair
• Menopause 
• Sleep, mood and performance
• Virility and libido

PROPERTIES OF AMINO ACIDS

 The proteins in all living species, from bacteria to humans, are constructed from the same set of 20amino acids, so called because each contains an amino group attached to a carboxylic acid. The amino acids in proteins are α-amino acids, which means the amino group is attached to the α-carbon of the carboxylic acid. Humans can synthesize only about half of the needed amino acids; the remainder must be obtained from the diet and are known as essential amino acids.
Note 
Two more amino acids have been found in limited quantities in proteins. Selenocysteine was discovered in 1986, while pyrrolysine was discovered in 2002. The amino acids are colorless, nonvolatile, crystalline solids, melting and decomposing at temperatures above 200°C. These melting temperatures are more like those of inorganic salts than those of amines or organic acids and indicate that the structures of the amino acids in the solid state and in neutral solution are best represented as having both a negatively charged group and a positively charged group. Such a species is known as a zwitterion.

Amino Acids Various Applications

Amino Acids Various Applications 

 1.Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) There are pharmaceutical products that make use of amino acids themselves, and products that are synthesized and manufactured using amino acids as starting materials. Amino Acids are also used in infusion solutions, in addition to tablet and granulated forms, and are an essential part of modern medical treatments.

 2.Medical Foods / Medical Nutrition Amino Acids are used as a way to provide a concentrated, specific and efficient intake of required nutrient components in medical foods for malnourished patients, elderly people with lower digestive capabilities, as well as in other uses. 

 3.Dietary Supplement / Health Foods / Functional Foods & Beverages Amino Acids are used for compensating amino acid deficiencies, as well as in supplements that make use of the specific function of amino acids. Products are sold in tablet, granular and capsule forms. These products were once mostly used by athletes, but they are now popular among the wider public for everyday workout and health maintenance. There are also functional food and beverage products that contain amino acids for functions similar to those found in health foods. 

 4.Cosmetics Amino Acids are used in cosmetics for their unique moisturizing effect and pH levels. Amino acid derivatives are also used for their stability and absorbency.

 5.Culture Medium Recently, pharmaceutical products research and manufacture using cell culture process have become very popular. Amino Acids are essential components of cell culture medium. Amino Acids are considered to be indispensable to cell growth and production of antibodies and proteins.